مجله علوم مراقبتی نظامی
سال پنجم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

 Military pilots and personnel require a high level of cognitive function and mental-motor skills due to their intense occupational responsibilities to achieve safe flight. Regular monitoring of physical health factors as well as mental health parameters and corrective-therapeutic activities to improve physical and mental health in the field of air medicine are undeniable requirements.  This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational and counseling programs, improving the work environment and exercise programs on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease such as triglyceride and cholesterol in the military pilots and personnel.  This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the effects of exercise, educational-counseling programs (dietary and stress control) and improving the work environment on total cholesterol, triglyceride and body mass index (BMI) of the military flight pilots and personnel (n =290) selected by simple random sampling method. BMI, triglyceride and cholesterol level in the participants was exanimated by the air medicine physician in April, 2014 (before the intervention) and at the end of the study in May, 2015 (after the intervention). The results of characteristics evaluation were analyzed using Chi-square test in SPSS 20 (P<0.05).  A total of 290 military flight pilots and personnel were monitored. The results of the pre and post-intervention evaluations indicated that 20.6% and 11.3% of the all participants showed a high prevalence of triglycerides, respectively (P<0.000)) ; 21.9% and 15.6% of the all participants had high levels of total blood cholesterol (P<0.05) before intervention and after intervention, respectively. The results of the pre and post-intervention evaluations indicated that 67.7% and 46% of the all participants had a high levels of BMI (P<0.000). Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference in the frequency of subjects with high levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and BMI before and after intervention.
Discussion and  Educational counseling programs (dietary and stress control), psychological counseling, improvement of work environment and exercise programs can reduce the frequency of military flight pilots and personnel with high BMI, cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Doing a correct cardiopulmonary resuscitation is necessary for saving a life. So, educating the cardiopulmonary resuscitation and changing the attitudes is highly emphasized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educating the cardiopulmonary resuscitation with serious game based on smart phone and simulation on the attitude of nursing students in Aja University of Medical Sciences. The present study was a randomized controlled trial one conducted in 2018; 53 sophomore nursing students of Aja University of Medical Sciences were selected through targeted sampling method and randomly divided into two test groups and one control group. A researcher-made attitude questionnaire was used for pre-test and post-test at a two-week interval. The intervention in the first and the second test group included the simulation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and that of smart phone serious games. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. The significance level was considered to be P <0.05. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of attitude in the simulation group (24.56±5.81), game group (21.94±8.32), and control group (22.29±5.34) in the pre-test stage (P=0.188). One-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean score of attitude in the simulation group (5.68±22.06), serious game based on smart phone group (5.39±20.44), and control group (6.79±25.11) in the post-test stage. The Wilcoxon test showed that no significant change was made before and after the intervention in students’ attitude score in the simulation group (P =0.123), the serious game in the smartphone platform group (P =0.437), and the control group (P =0.227).
Discussion and The results indicated that cardiopulmonary resuscitation education with serious game based on smart phone and simulation did not significantly affect the attitude of nursing at a two-week interval. It seems that in order to change the attitudes of students, it is necessary to use the latest methodology

 Making an egregious mistake in every stage of drug prescription and distribution is definitely possible/ because the nurse of a shift can give more than 50 drugs to the patient.  This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting on drug mistakes from the viewpoint of nurses employed in selected military hospitals in Tehran in 2016.
Material and  The present study was a descriptive analytical and temporal cross-sectional one performed in 2016; 256 nurses of eight selected military hospitals in Tehran participated in this study. The study was classified into three sections including demographic data, types of drug mistakes, factors affecting on drug mistakes based on the 5-level Likert scale. To test the hypotheses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way variance analysis were used and the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.  The results showed a significant relationship between the «drug prescriptions (version) » in emerging drugs mistakes and the mean of shifts per month (r2 = 0. 13, P = 0. 03). Also, there was a significant difference between the recruited groups in terms of the frequency of drug mistakes (P = 0. 01, f = 4. 43).
Discussion and  Hospital managers should make appropriate decisions on boosting nurses’ knowledge of medical errors to take useful steps for improving the safety of patients and staff.

 The prediction of post- operative bleeding is one of the main tasks of nurses in the intensive care unit. The researcher of the study found that there is not a valuable tool passing through the validation and Clinimetrics process.  The present study aimed to design and do the Clinimetrics of post-operative bleeding prediction tool (POPBT) in Intensive Care Unit.  This study is a methodological study of Clinical Metric Validation (Clinimetrics), performed on patients undergoing cardiac surgery in Valiasr Hospital, Naja during 2015-2016. Sampling in this study was non-random,, accessible and target oriented. The deductive-inductive approach was used to identify the essence of the structure. Considering the essence of the structure of the bleeding prediction, the designed tool was a kind of combined index. so the tool was designed in two steps based on Wright and Feinstein proposed model. In the first stage, the design of the primary version of the tool (index), and in the second phase of clinical validation (Clinimetrics), initial version of the tool (index) was designed in five steps. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS.16. It was investigated by the designed tools, its validation-seeking steps including face, content and structure validity and also its reliability were evaluated unanimously  Based on the results of CVI, CVR and Face validity of one item in the pre -operative dimension and 4 items during the operation were retained. Based on these results, the final tool was designed. The CVI of the questionnaire was 80.03. For determining the reliability of tools, 10 nurses in 5 dual groups were applied, kappa coefficient in 5 groups was 0.99, 0.95, 0.99, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that the designed tool was favorably reliable and variable for predicting post- operative (heart surgery) bleeding

 Nurses, as one of the main sources of organizational knowledge and main elements of knowledge transfer in hospitals, can play a key role in organizational learning process. The present study was performed due to the importance of organizational learning capabilities of nurses.  This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of decision-making through brainstorm on organizational learning capability in nurses.
Material and  This study was conducted in two stages: In the first stage, learning capability of all nurses in internal-surgical section (18 departments) of Baqiyatallah Hospital was measured by census method (281 persons). In the second stage, eight sections with no significant differences in organizational learning were determined and randomly divided into test and control groups. A theoretical and practical training workshop was held to train other personnel and head nurses how to implement the brainstorming method for decision making. Then, after four months, the Organizational Learning Questionnaire was distributed in control and test groups. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics including mean±standard deviation (SD) and analytical statistics including Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, T-test and ANOVA using SPSS.19.  The results of the first stage showed that the mean of total score for organizational learning capability of nurses was 58.04 (8/98), which according to Likert scale, was average. Also, the mean of scores for areas of management commitment, system and knowledge transfer was 19.02 (33.23), 11.44 (1.88) and 13.67 (3.05), respectively which was average, while that was 13.89 (2.80) for the fields of open space and experiment, which was at the lowest level. The results of the second stage of the study showed that the meanof total score in entire area of organizational learning capability in nurses increased and was significantly different before and after running the intervention and brainstorming in the test group.For example, the standard deviation of the entire organizational learning capability in nurses was p = 0.012 after the intervention. Also, the standard deviation of areas of management commitment,, System Attitude and knowledge transfer was p=0/044, p=0/000, and p=0/003, respectively, that were all significant, but no difference was observed in the control group. Discussion and Conclusion:  According to the results of this study and the effectiveness of brainstorming method on boosting the organizational learning capability of nurses and improving the quality of nursing care and nursing services, it is recommended that the nursing managers implement this method in health care departments.

 Oral-dental health is one of the most important parts of public health that has a significant effect on quality of life.  This study aimed to survey the oral health 5th grade female students in Tehran and its related factors.
Material and  In this analytic- descriptive study, the oral health of 416 students in the academic year of 2016-2017 was assessed by systematic cluster sampling method. The data were collected by researcher-made questionnaires and their validity and reliability were confirmed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21.  The mean of age of subjects was 10.88±0.62 years, only 55.3% of these students brush their teeth less than twice a day, 22.4% use dental floss at least once a day, and 23.1% check their teeth every six months. The main sources of oral health information in students were teachers and health educators. The mean and standard deviation of score from knowledge and performance were 41.21±22.30, and 53.33±19.6, respectively. Also, family income and parents’ education had a positive and significant correlation with the practice (P>0.01), but awareness has a significant correlation with just parents ‹education (P<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion:  Some of the studied students had the oral health knowledge and practice. The more parental educational level is, the more awareness and practice the students get. According to the survey, the richest information resources are teachers and health trainers. It seems that instructor-based educational interventions can be efficient.

 As a high percentage of our population is made up of adolescents and young people, this generation is the most valuable asset for the growth and prosperity of a country; identifying the predictors of addiction in this class of society and the preservation of human and social capital of the country is highly needed.  The present study was conducted aiming at predicting the readiness for addiction based on the behavioral inhibition/ activation systems (BIS/BAS) and cognitive abilities among students in Amol institute of higher education 2017-2018.  This study is descriptive and statistical population consisted of all the students studying at Amol Institute of Higher Education in the 2017-2018 academic year; 141 students were selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected using addiction potential questionnaire, behavioral activation /inhibition systems of brain (BIS/BAS) and cognitive abilities scales. The components of behavioral activation/ inhibition systems of brain (BIS/BAS) and cognitive abilities were considered as the predictor variables and the addiction readiness as dependent variable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean±standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.  The results showed that behavioral inhibition of systems (BIS), behavioral activation of systems (BAS), BAS-DR, search for fun (BAS-FS) and cognitive abilities (total score) were all significantly correlated with addiction readiness (P<0.05). The results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that the mentioned variables predicted the readiness addiction regarding the value of F = 13.04 and P=0.000. Discussion and Conclusion:  It can be concluded that the behavioral activation and inhibition systems of brain (BIS/BAS) and cognitive abilities are the variables related to addiction readiness in students that should be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of addiction.

 Iron deficiency is one of the main causes of anemia, especially in girls. Approximately, more than 30% of the world population have anemia. This problem suggests general malnutrition or insufficient iron in diet.

 This study aimed to investigate the effect of visual media education on awareness, attitude and function of female students in Chabahar regarding iron deficiency anemia.
Material and

 The present study is semi-experimental (case-control). The data were collected through researcher- made questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed by content validity and test-retest reliability. The samples consisted of 140 high school students in Chabahar during 1392-93. They were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In this interventional study, a 15-minute educational clip was produced for 14-19 year girls and a questionnaire was designed for this age group considering the context of educational clip. Then participants were given questionnaires during three stages including before, immediately after, a month after the intervention. Data were analyzed through descriptive tests, and RM ANOVA at the level of alpha 0.05.

 Totally, 140 students were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The mean of awareness, attitude and practice about anemia was not statistically significant between control and case groups before the intervention while it was different after the intervention (P<0.05). Before the study, all patients claimed that the main sources of information were teachers (27.8%), medical team (20.0%), and friends (19.2%). Discussion and Conclusion:  This study indicated the effectiveness of educational clip on the awareness, attitude and short-term performance of students in terms of iron deficiency. So, it is recommended that health workers employ the educational plans widely to promote public health among high school girls.